Number 20: Movies in color
The process that brought colors to movie screens was invented by a company founded in 1915 by Herbert Kalmus, MIT class of 1904. A high school dropout who worked as a carpet salesman, Kalmus joined with another MIT graduate, Daniel Comstock, to launch a company called Technicolor Corporation. So began a 20-year-long effort to create high-quality color films. The 1935 film Becky Sharp was the first full-length three-color movie; five years later, Technicolor won an Oscar for the color photography in Gone With the Wind. And, yes, the tech in Technicolor was Kalmuss tip of the hat to his alma mater.